英文 CH05 Unit 5 Sharing a Laugh ·測驗
難度由「基礎 → 進階 → 挑戰」遞增;挑戰題權重較高。作答後按下方「交卷計分」。
精熟閘門:總分 ≥ 80%。未達建議回對應章頁複習「易錯點/歸納」再重做。
基礎
權重 ×1
Laughter is **contagious** — you laugh more when others laugh. contagious 最接近?
easily spread from one person to another(會傳染的)
very loud(很大聲)
dangerous(危險的)
rare(罕見的)
解答:easily spread from one person to another(會傳染的)。contagious=會傳染的(easily spread);本單元指笑會傳染給旁人。
Laughter is an **innate** behavior; you don't have to learn it. innate=?
learned over time(後天習得)
natural from birth(與生俱來的)
rare and unusual
dangerous
解答:natural from birth(與生俱來的)。innate=與生俱來、天生的(natural from birth);不自主的笑就是 innate。
Babies' giggles are **adorable**. adorable=?
lovable(可愛的)
small(小的)
popular
loud
解答:lovable(可愛的)。adorable=可愛的、討人喜歡的(lovable)。
It's reasonable to **assume** that people tell the truth most of the time. assume=?
question or wonder(質疑)
believe something false
think something is true without proof(無證據就認定)
prove with data
解答:think something is true without proof(無證據就認定)。assume=(沒有證據就)認定、假定為真。
Laughter has a **purely** social function. purely=?
completely(純粹地、完全地)
especially
surprisingly
certainly
解答:completely(純粹地、完全地)。purely=純粹地、完全地(completely)。
Most primates **engage in** some form of laughter. engage in=?
avoid(避免)
take part in(參與、從事)
dislike
invent
解答:take part in(參與、從事)。engage in=參與、從事(take part in)。
Laughter probably **emerged** when humans began to live in groups. emerged=?
disappeared
came out or started to develop(出現、發展出)
was forbidden
was learned
解答:came out or started to develop(出現、發展出)。emerge=出現、開始發展(to come out or start to develop)。
Reading 1「The Origins of Laughter」全文主旨=laughter has a primarily ___ function。
medical(醫學)
social(社會)
musical
religious
解答:social(社會)。主旨:超過 400 萬年來,笑主要是 social activity。
進階
權重 ×2
依 Gervais & Wilson,兩種笑出現的時間順序是?
自主(~400萬年前) 早於 不自主(~200萬年前)
不自主(~400萬年前) 早於 自主(~200萬年前)
兩者同時(~300萬年前)
都在語言之後
解答:不自主(~400萬年前) 早於 自主(~200萬年前)。不自主的笑 ~400 萬年前、早於語言;自主的笑 ~200 萬年前、較晚。
下列何者是 **involuntary(不自主)** 笑的特性?
可控制、聽起來有點假
innate、無法控制、會傳染(如被搔癢)
後天習得、刻意維持關係
只有人類才有
解答:innate、無法控制、會傳染(如被搔癢)。不自主=天生、不可控、contagious;自主=可控、learned、聽起來稍假。
Provine 的研究估計,多少比例的笑是社會性(非因好笑)?
10-20%
40-50%
80-90%
幾乎 100%
解答:80-90%。Provine 估 80-90% 的笑是社會性的,用來形成/強化 bonds。
依 Reading 2,和別人在一起時笑的機率約是獨處時的幾倍?
2 倍
10 倍
30 倍
100 倍
解答:30 倍。和他人在一起時笑的機率是獨處的 30 倍——印證笑是社會訊號。
代名詞指代:Reading 1 para 4「two types of laughter, and **these** emerged at different times」中 these 指?
humans
two types of laughter(兩種笑)
scientists
social groups
解答:two types of laughter(兩種笑)。these 指回前面的名詞片語「two types of laughter」。
Laughing **at** other people(而非 with)可能變成?
friendship(友誼)
bullying(霸凌)
teasing 一定無害
voluntary laughter
解答:bullying(霸凌)。laugh at others 是 teasing,多人一起笑某人時可能淪為 bullying。
It became **apparent** that there were differences between men and women. apparent=?
clear(顯而易見的)
hidden
false
boring
解答:clear(顯而易見的)。apparent=顯而易見的、清楚的(clear)。
依 Table 1,整體而言誰笑得較多?
聽者比說者多
說者比聽者多
男女一樣
陌生人比朋友多
解答:說者比聽者多。Provine 數據顯示說者 (speaker) 比聽者 (listener) 更常笑。
挑戰
權重 ×3
代名詞指代(para 3):「It probably emerged at about the time that humans began to live in larger social groups. **This** may also explain…」this 指什麼?
humans began to live in larger social groups(只那半句)
It probably emerged at about the time that humans began to live in larger social groups(整句概念)
laughter has been part of social relationships
other species
解答:It probably emerged at about the time that humans began to live in larger social groups(整句概念)。this 指回整句概念「笑大約在人類開始群居時出現」,非只半句。
(評估研究主張)研究發現「女性在男性發言後笑得比男性在女性發言後多」,這支持什麼結論?
男性比女性好笑
女性比男性好笑
不能推論誰較好笑——女性可能因很多理由而笑
笑與性別無關
解答:不能推論誰較好笑——女性可能因很多理由而笑。相關≠因果。女性笑可能有別的理由(取悅、社交),不能推「男性較好笑」。
(T/F/NG)「Women can better distinguish between the two types of laughter than men.」依 Reading 1 應判?
True
False
Not Given(文章未比較男女此能力)
解答:Not Given(文章未比較男女此能力)。文章談年齡與地區影響分辨力,未比較男女 → Not Given(NG≠False)。
(來源題 a/b/c)「Only about 10-20 percent of all laughter is about something funny.」a=文章沒提 / b=有提無出處 / c=標為 Provine 的研究。應選?
a
b
c
兩者皆可
解答:c。Provine 估 80-90% 是社會性(即 10-20% 才因好笑),明確掛 Provine → c。
下列哪句用了 **infinitive phrase(不定詞片語)** 作名詞後置修飾?
the research done on laughter in the 1990s
research about different types of laughter
no reason to doubt the results
a project starting next year
解答:no reason to doubt the results。to doubt…=不定詞片語修飾 reason;done…=過去分詞、about…=介系詞、starting…=現在分詞。
(details 配對)「Two types of laughter probably emerged about 2 million years apart」這主張屬於哪位研究者?
Provine
Gervais & Wilson
Bryant
不屬任何研究者
解答:Gervais & Wilson。兩種笑及其出現時間是 Gervais & Wilson 的理論。
交卷計分
重做