英文 CH03 Unit 3 Changing History ·計算／實作題
計算／實作題：先自己算，提示分步驟，解答逐步列出。重在過程，對答案也要對步驟。
進度：0 / 6 題完成（勾選右上「完成」會記住，重開仍在）
基礎單字配對☐完成
把單字配到中文：
1. preserve 2. scarce 3. flexible 4. fragile 5. transform
(a) 易碎的 (b) 保存 (c) 徹底轉變 (d) 稀少的 (e) 有彈性的
提示
回想名詞速查表。
解答（逐步）
1-b 保存；2-d 稀少的；3-e 有彈性的；4-a 易碎的；5-c 徹底轉變。
基礎辨識 hedging 訊號詞☐完成
圈出每句中的 hedging（模糊化）詞，並說明它讓主張變得多不確定：
(1) People may have pickled foods as far back as 2000 BC.
(2) Most cultures have found ways to preserve food.
(3) These foods will probably remain favorites.
提示
hedging 詞：most, many, probably, perhaps, might, may, one of the。
解答（逐步）
(1) may → 醃漬「何時最早開始」不確定，非確定事實。
(2) Most → 不是「所有」文化，留有例外。
(3) probably → 預測而非保證，未來不一定成立。
進階used to / would 填空☐完成
用 used to 或 used to/would 填空，並說明哪些只能用 used to：
(1) In the 1940s, people ___ listen to the news on the radio every night.
(2) As a teenager, she ___ be much thinner.
(3) When we were kids, we ___ play basketball in the evenings.
(4) When he was a student, he ___ live in Japan.
提示
would 只表重複動作；長期狀態（be, live, love）只能 used to。
解答（逐步）
(1) used to/would（重複動作，兩者皆可）。
(2) used to（be 是狀態，只能 used to）。
(3) used to/would（重複動作）。
(4) used to（live 是長期狀態，只能 used to）。
進階Hedge your claims 改寫☐完成
把下列過硬的主張改成較軟的主張（各用一種 hedge 法）：
(1) Rich people played billiards.
(2) The manufacturing of plastic causes global warming.
(3) Bioplastics are better for the environment.
提示
三法：副詞/形容詞/情態（probably, likely, may）；量詞（Most）；限定因果（is one factor, helped）。
解答（逐步）
(1) Most rich people played billiards.（量詞）或 Rich people probably played billiards.（副詞）
(2) The manufacturing of plastic may contribute to global warming.（情態）或 is one factor in global warming.（限定因果）
(3) Bioplastics are likely to be better for the environment.（likely）
挑戰Make inferences 推論判斷☐完成
讀塑膠章相關段落，判斷下列推論可否成立並說明：
(1) Plastic is not considered a natural material.
(2) Bakelite was cheaper than the material made from insects.
(3) Plastic chairs were more popular than wooden or metal chairs.
(4) The production of plastic adds to global warming.
提示
推論要有文中資訊＋背景知識支撐；只說 popular 不等於『比……更受歡迎』。
解答（逐步）
(1) 可成立——文中說塑膠來自人造材料、與天然原料相對。
(2) 可成立——昆蟲塗層『又貴』，Bakelite 由煤渣製成、便宜。
(3) 不可成立——文中只說塑膠椅 popular，沒與木椅金屬椅比較（過度推論）。
(4) 可成立——多由化石燃料製成＋背景知識（化石燃料加劇暖化）。
挑戰T/F/NG 判斷（Reading 1）☐完成
依「Preserved: From Fermenting to Freeze-Drying」判斷並說明：
(1) Early humans needed to follow the animals that they hunted.
(2) In China, eggs were preserved by placing them underground.
(3) A British inventor found a way to preserve food in jars.
(4) Preserved food helped to feed armies.
提示
False＝文章有相反；Not Given＝完全沒提；NG≠False。注意玻璃罐是法國 Appert、英國人改做罐頭。
解答（逐步）
(1) True — 文中說鮮食易壞，早期人類須追著食物來源（含獵物）跑。
(2) Not Given — 文章未提中國的地下保存蛋。
(3) False — 玻璃罐是法國廚師 Appert 發明；英國發明家是把方法改做成『罐頭 (cans)』，非 jars。
(4) True — 18 世紀法軍運糧、preserved food 餵養軍隊。